Heavy spectator scalar fields with masses near the inflationary Hubble scale generate a gravitational wave background observable across pulsar timing arrays, LISA, and ground-based interferometers, with constraints requiring m_chi greater than roughly 0.66 H_I.
Cosmology for Grand Unified Theories with Radiatively Induced Symmetry Breaking,
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Gravitational Waves from Spectator Scalar Fields
Heavy spectator scalar fields with masses near the inflationary Hubble scale generate a gravitational wave background observable across pulsar timing arrays, LISA, and ground-based interferometers, with constraints requiring m_chi greater than roughly 0.66 H_I.