A 4 nm Gd interlayer in Ti/Co systems produces fivefold higher spin-orbit torque efficiency than reference bilayers, with trilayer torque efficiency exceeding 1 due to enhanced orbital-to-spin conversion at the rare-earth interface.
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Orbital Hall effect-driven spin-orbit torque enhancement in Ti-based systems via rare-earth interface engineering
A 4 nm Gd interlayer in Ti/Co systems produces fivefold higher spin-orbit torque efficiency than reference bilayers, with trilayer torque efficiency exceeding 1 due to enhanced orbital-to-spin conversion at the rare-earth interface.