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Weinberg,Adiabatic modes in cosmology,Phys

5 Pith papers cite this work. Polarity classification is still indexing.

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abstract

We show that the field equations for cosmological perturbations in Newtonian gauge always have an adiabatic solution, for which a quantity ${\cal R}$ is non-zero and constant in all eras in the limit of large wavelength, so that it can be used to connect observed cosmological fluctuations in this mode with those at very early times. There is also a second adiabatic mode, for which ${\cal R}$ vanishes for large wavelength, and in general there may be non-adiabatic modes as well. These conclusions apply in all eras and whatever the constituents of the universe, under only a mild technical assumption about the wavelength dependence of the field equations for large wave length. In the absence of anisotropic inertia, the perturbations in the adiabatic modes are given for large wavelength by universal formulas in terms of the Robertson--Walker scale factor. We discuss an apparent discrepancy between these results and what appears to be a conservation law in all modes found for large wavelength in synchronous gauge: it turns out that, although equivalent, synchronous and Newtonian gauges suggest inequivalent assumptions about the behavior of the perturbations for large wavelength.

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2026 2 2025 3

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representative citing papers

Locality in effective field theory for inflationary soft modes

gr-qc · 2026-05-19 · unverdicted · novelty 6.0

The authors define a locality condition for hard-mode states during inflation that unifies local effective dynamics for soft modes, suppression of loop corrections, generalized soft theorems, and absence of infrared divergences in observable correlators.

A Compact Story of Positivity in de Sitter

hep-th · 2025-08-11 · unverdicted · novelty 5.0

Compares two methods to resolve disagreements and prove positivity of anomalous dimensions for principal series fields coupled to compact scalar operators in de Sitter space.

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