Repulsive higher-angular-momentum interactions bind Bogolyubov quasiparticles into subgap excitons that, at surfaces, act as electric-dipole TLS and produce resonator avoided crossings.
Temperature Dependence of the Frequency and Noise of Superconducting Coplanar Waveguide Resonators
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abstract
We present measurements of the temperature and power dependence of the resonance frequency and frequency noise of superconducting niobium thin-film coplanar waveguide resonators, carried out at temperatures well below the superconducting transition (T_{c}=9.2 K). The noise decreases by nearly two orders of magnitude as the temperature is increased from 120 to 1200 mK, while the variation of the resonance frequency with temperature over this range agrees well with the standard two-level system (TLS) model for amorphous dielectrics. These results support the hypothesis that TLS are responsible for the noise in superconducting microresonators, and have important implications for resonator applications such as qubits and photon detectors.
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Bogolyubov excitons as a microscopic origin of two-level systems
Repulsive higher-angular-momentum interactions bind Bogolyubov quasiparticles into subgap excitons that, at surfaces, act as electric-dipole TLS and produce resonator avoided crossings.