Using 150 active regions, the paper finds helicity and energy are concentrated low in the corona and proposes an 81 Mm extrapolation cutoff for 97% retention.
Helicity is the only integral invariant of volume-preserving transformations
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abstract
We prove that any regular integral invariant of volume-preserving transformations is equivalent to the helicity. Specifically, given a functional $\mathcal I$ defined on exact divergence-free vector fields of class $C^1$ on a compact 3-manifold that is associated with a well-behaved integral kernel, we prove that $\mathcal I$ is invariant under arbitrary volume-preserving diffeomorphisms if and only if it is a function of the helicity.
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astro-ph.SR 1years
2026 1verdicts
REJECT 1representative citing papers
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Distribution of magnetic helicity and energy with height in solar atmosphere
Using 150 active regions, the paper finds helicity and energy are concentrated low in the corona and proposes an 81 Mm extrapolation cutoff for 97% retention.