Pregnancy cohorts built from observed deliveries or outcomes are biased when outcomes are missing, while cohorts including all pregnancies are unbiased only when missingness is due to measured covariates.
Bias from conditioning on live birth in pregnancy cohorts: An illustration based on neurodevelopment in children after prenatal exposure to organic pollutants
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Bias in studies of prenatal exposures using real-world data due to pregnancy identification method
Pregnancy cohorts built from observed deliveries or outcomes are biased when outcomes are missing, while cohorts including all pregnancies are unbiased only when missingness is due to measured covariates.