The authors simulate the Aharonov-Bohm phase of a Wilson loop around a lattice vortex and find it gives phase π in the Higgs phase but is swamped by noise in the confinement phase.
String confinement in 2-form lattice gauge theory
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abstract
We study the confinement between vortex strings in the dual lattice gauge theory of the abelian Higgs model. The dual lattice gauge theory is described by a 2-form gauge field. We calculate the string-antistring potential from the surface operator of the 2-form gauge field. The linear confining potential appears in a confinement phase and it disappears in a deconfinement phase. The phase diagram of the theory is also obtained.
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Analyzing the Higgs-confinement transition with non-local operators on the lattice
The authors simulate the Aharonov-Bohm phase of a Wilson loop around a lattice vortex and find it gives phase π in the Higgs phase but is swamped by noise in the confinement phase.