QCD sum-rule calculations give negative binding energies for toponium states consistent with near-threshold experimental signals and a central mass for the triply-top baryon slightly above three times the top-quark mass.
Precise top-quark mass from the diphoton mass spectrum
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abstract
We calculate the $gg\to\gamma\gamma$ amplitude by including the $t\bar t$ bound-state effects near their mass threshold. In terms of the non-relativistic expansion of the amplitude, the LO contribution is an energy-independent term in the one-loop amplitude. We include the NLO contribution described by the non-relativistic Green function and part of the NNLO contribution. Despite a missing NLO piece which can be accomplished with the two-loop-level amplitude via massive quarks, the shape of the diphoton mass spectrum is predicted with a good accuracy. Thanks to the simple and clean nature of the observable, its experimental measurement can be a direct method to determine the short-distance mass of the top quark at hadron colliders.
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QCD sum-rule calculations yield single-top baryon and meson masses near the top-quark mass, with a few channels slightly below the naive quark-sum threshold.
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Masses of Purely Top-Quark Bound States: Toponium and the Triply-Top Baryon
QCD sum-rule calculations give negative binding energies for toponium states consistent with near-threshold experimental signals and a central mass for the triply-top baryon slightly above three times the top-quark mass.
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Phenomenology of Hypothetical Single-Top Hadronic States
QCD sum-rule calculations yield single-top baryon and meson masses near the top-quark mass, with a few channels slightly below the naive quark-sum threshold.