In a spherical-shell Bose-Einstein condensate, Jones-Roberts solitary waves mark the onset of rotation, evolving from vortex dipoles to hybrid equatorial modes whose speed limits the entire family via a Landau critical velocity.
In the following we chooseθ ξ =1/R, i.e., a core arc-length radius ofRθ ξ =1, in units of the healing length
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Jones-Roberts solitary waves and the onset of rotation in a spherical surface condensate
In a spherical-shell Bose-Einstein condensate, Jones-Roberts solitary waves mark the onset of rotation, evolving from vortex dipoles to hybrid equatorial modes whose speed limits the entire family via a Landau critical velocity.