ESBMC-LLB exposes function-block-hidden ladder logic bombs as safety violations, proves bomb-absence unboundedly, and synthesizes detonation triggers on public PLC benchmarks.
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Detecting Ladder Logic Bombs in IEC 61131-3 PLC Programs using ESBMC-PLC+: A Formal Verification Approach with Trigger Synthesis
ESBMC-LLB exposes function-block-hidden ladder logic bombs as safety violations, proves bomb-absence unboundedly, and synthesizes detonation triggers on public PLC benchmarks.