Leading order chiral perturbation theory yields the minimal energy condition for vortex nucleation in the pion condensed phase, with vortices carrying quantized angular momentum and self-confining pions.
QCD at nonzero isospin asymmetry
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abstract
We study the phase diagram and the thermodynamic properties of QCD at nonzero isospin asymmetry at physical quark masses with staggered quarks. In particular, continuum results for the phase boundary between the normal and the pion condensation phases and the chiral/deconfinement transition are presented. Our findings indicate that the pion condensation phase is restricted to $T\lesssim170$~MeV for isospin chemical potentials up to 325~MeV. We also use the data to test the range of validity of the Taylor expansion method and show first results for the equation of state.
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Minimal superfluid vortices in chiral perturbation theory
Leading order chiral perturbation theory yields the minimal energy condition for vortex nucleation in the pion condensed phase, with vortices carrying quantized angular momentum and self-confining pions.