A dimension-six Lorentz-violating gravity operator is linearized to obtain gravitational-wave dispersion relations, and time-of-flight data from GW170817 and GW150914 bound the coefficients to 10^-5 to 10^-4 m^2 (nonbirefringent) and 10^-10 to 10^-8 m^2 (birefringent).
Neutron Star Structure in the Minimal Gravitational Standard-Model Extension and the Implication to Continuous Gravitational Waves
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abstract
Tiny violation of Lorentz invariance has been the subject of theoretic study and experimental test for a long time. We use the Standard-Model Extension (SME) framework to investigate the effect of the minimal Lorentz violation on the structure of a neutron star. A set of hydrostatic equations with modifications from Lorentz violation are derived, and then the modifications are isolated and added to the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff (TOV) equation as the leading-order Lorentz-violation corrections in relativistic systems. A perturbation solution to the leading-order modified TOV equations is found. The quadrupole moments due to the anisotropy in the structure of neutron stars are calculated and used to estimate the quadrupole radiation of a spinning neutron star with the same deformation. The calculation puts forward a new test for Lorentz invariance in the strong-field regime when continuous gravitational waves are observed in the future.
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New constraints on modified gravity with dimension-six operators from gravitational waves
A dimension-six Lorentz-violating gravity operator is linearized to obtain gravitational-wave dispersion relations, and time-of-flight data from GW170817 and GW150914 bound the coefficients to 10^-5 to 10^-4 m^2 (nonbirefringent) and 10^-10 to 10^-8 m^2 (birefringent).