Introduces a new thermodynamic state function enabling computation of high-order temperature fluctuations in hot QCD matter from heavy-ion collision data, predicting strong suppression and negative skewness in the QGP phase.
Energy dependence of transverse momentum fluctuations in Pb+Pb collisions at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at 20A to 158A GeV
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abstract
Results are presented on event-by-event fluctuations of transverse momenta $p_T$ in central Pb+Pb interactions at 20$A$, 30$A$, 40$A$, 80$A$, and 158$A$ GeV. The analysis was performed for charged particles at forward center-of-mass rapidity ($1.1 < y^{*}_{\pi} < 2.6$). Three fluctuation measures were studied: the distribution of average transverse momentum - $M(p_T)$ - in the event, the $\Phi_{p_{T}}$ fluctuation measure and two-particle transverse momentum correlations. Fluctuations of $p_T$ are small and show no significant energy dependence in the energy range of the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. Results are compared with QCD-inspired predictions for the critical point, and with the UrQMD model. Transverse momentum fluctuations, similar to multiplicity fluctuations, do not show the increase expected for freeze-out near the critical point of QCD.
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High-order fluctuations of temperature in hot QCD matter
Introduces a new thermodynamic state function enabling computation of high-order temperature fluctuations in hot QCD matter from heavy-ion collision data, predicting strong suppression and negative skewness in the QGP phase.