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The Observer World: A Cryptographic Extension of Impagliazzo's Five Worlds

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abstract

Impagliazzo's five worlds classify computational assumptions along a single axis, the existence of cryptographic primitives. All five worlds implicitly assume that every party, including the adversary, observes the full input, that the observer is always $O_{top}$. This assumption is so natural that it is never stated. This work makes it explicit and relaxes it by introducing a second, orthogonal axis, the observational axis, defined by the observer hierarchy introduced in previous work. Relaxing the assumption reveals structural phenomena, such as the collapse $P^{O_{prof}} = NP^{O_{prof}} \subset P$, that the five-world framework cannot express. We prove that this collapse holds unconditionally in all five worlds, showing that observational blindness and computational hardness are independent. We define the Observer World $W_O$, classify all world-observer pairs, identify the labeled cells (a)--(d), and introduce a parametric family $W_O^{\varepsilon}$ modelling partial violations of observational invariants. The framework also interfaces with physical information limits, including thermodynamic, quantum, and cosmological bounds.

fields

cs.LO 1

years

2026 1

verdicts

UNVERDICTED 1

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