A hierarchical MILP formulation with SOS1 and RLS enables real-time TSO-DSO reactive power coordination for smart inverters operating in Volt-VAR, Volt-Watt, and Watt-VAR modes, validated on IEEE 13-bus and 123-bus systems linked to a 9-bus transmission model.
Two-stage optimiza- tion strategy for solving the vvo problem considering high penetration of plug-in electric vehicles to unbalanced distribution networks,
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TSO-DSO Coordinated Reactive Power Dispatch for Smart Inverters with Multiple Control Modes Real-Time Implementation
A hierarchical MILP formulation with SOS1 and RLS enables real-time TSO-DSO reactive power coordination for smart inverters operating in Volt-VAR, Volt-Watt, and Watt-VAR modes, validated on IEEE 13-bus and 123-bus systems linked to a 9-bus transmission model.