For eight-flavor QCD the Roberge-Weiss transition temperature vanishes in the chiral limit, placing the theory inside the conformal window.
Lee-Yang zero distribution of high temperature QCD and Roberge-Weiss phase transition
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abstract
Canonical partition functions and Lee-Yang zeros of QCD at finite density and high temperature are studied. Recent lattice simulations have confirmed that the free energy of QCD is a quartic function of quark chemical potential at temperature slightly above pseudo-critical temperature $T_c$, as in the case with a gas of free massless fermions. We present analytic derivation of the canonical partition functions and Lee-Yang zeros for this type of free energy using the saddle point approximation. We also perform lattice QCD simulation in a canonical approach using the fugacity expansion of the fermion determinant, and carefully examine its reliability. By comparing the analytic and numerical results, we conclude that the canonical partition functions follow the Gaussian distribution of the baryon number, and the accumulation of Lee-Yang zeros of these canonical partition functions exhibit the first-order Roberge-Weiss phase transition. We discuss the validity and applicable range of the result and its implications both for theoretical and experimental studies.
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The paradox in the canonical approach at high temperature with the Roberge-Weiss transition originates from infinite-size effects and vanishes in finite-size systems due to smearing, validating the approach for lattice QCD.
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The Roberge-Weiss transition as a probe for conformality in many-flavor QCD
For eight-flavor QCD the Roberge-Weiss transition temperature vanishes in the chiral limit, placing the theory inside the conformal window.
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The canonical approach at high temperature revisited
The paradox in the canonical approach at high temperature with the Roberge-Weiss transition originates from infinite-size effects and vanishes in finite-size systems due to smearing, validating the approach for lattice QCD.