Grain calibration decomposes theoretical constructs into clause-level components, tests each with extractive evidence, and combines results through explicit theory-derived rules to validate LLM coding beyond agreement with human annotators.
Measuring complex constructs in large-scale text with computational social mixed methods.PsyArXiv, 2025
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Correct codes for the wrong reasons? validating LLMs as measurement instruments for theoretical constructs
Grain calibration decomposes theoretical constructs into clause-level components, tests each with extractive evidence, and combines results through explicit theory-derived rules to validate LLM coding beyond agreement with human annotators.