Shell shapes arise from local geometry-dependent growth laws acting via Lie groups on a protoconch, reducing nearly all known forms to a scalar, a vector, and an initial edge curve.
Non-classical crystallization in soft and organic materials.Nature Reviews Materials, 9(4):229–248
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Local growth laws determine global shape of molluscan shells
Shell shapes arise from local geometry-dependent growth laws acting via Lie groups on a protoconch, reducing nearly all known forms to a scalar, a vector, and an initial edge curve.