In a free fermion chain, the coarse-grained density distribution becomes almost uniform at sufficiently large typical times for any initial state with fixed macroscopic particle number, proving macroscopic irreversibility from unitary evolution.
Typicality of thermal equilibrium and thermalization in isolated macroscopic quantum systems
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abstract
Based on the view that thermal equilibrium should be characterized through macroscopic observations, we develop a general theory about typicality of thermal equilibrium and the approach to thermal equilibrium in macroscopic quantum systems. We first formulate the notion that a pure state in an isolated quantum system represents thermal equilibrium. Then by assuming, or proving in certain classes of nontrivial models (including that of two bodies in thermal contact), large-deviation type bounds (which we call thermodynamic bounds) for the microcanonical ensemble, we prove that to represent thermal equilibrium is a typical property for pure states in the microcanonical energy shell. We believe that the typicality, along with the empirical success of statistical mechanics, provides a sound justification of equilibrium statistical mechanics. We also establish the approach to thermal equilibrium under two different assumptions; one is that the initial state has a moderate energy distribution, and the other is the energy eigenstate thermalization hypothesis.
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cond-mat.stat-mech 2verdicts
UNVERDICTED 2representative citing papers
Rigorous proof that random half-chain initial states in a low-density free-fermion model thermalize, with local particle counts matching equilibrium at long times with high probability.
citing papers explorer
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Macroscopic Irreversibility in Quantum Systems: Free Expansion in a Fermion Chain
In a free fermion chain, the coarse-grained density distribution becomes almost uniform at sufficiently large typical times for any initial state with fixed macroscopic particle number, proving macroscopic irreversibility from unitary evolution.
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Nature abhors a vacuum: A simple rigorous example of thermalization in an isolated macroscopic quantum system
Rigorous proof that random half-chain initial states in a low-density free-fermion model thermalize, with local particle counts matching equilibrium at long times with high probability.