Rigorous bounds establish that t = Theta(k^2) non-Clifford gates are necessary and sufficient for frame-potential approximation to unitary k-designs while t = Theta(nk) suffices for relative-error k-designs.
Zhu, Multiqubit Clifford groups are unitary 3-designs, Phys
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Non-Clifford Cost of Random Unitaries
Rigorous bounds establish that t = Theta(k^2) non-Clifford gates are necessary and sufficient for frame-potential approximation to unitary k-designs while t = Theta(nk) suffices for relative-error k-designs.