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Protogalactic Extension of the Parker Bound

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abstract

We extend the Parker bound on the galactic flux $\cal F$ of magnetic monopoles. By requiring that a small initial seed field must survive the collapse of the protogalaxy, before any regenerative dynamo effects become significant, we develop a stronger bound. The survival and continued growth of an initial galactic seed field $\leq 10^{-9}$G demand that ${\cal F} \leq 5 \times 10^{-21} (m/10^{17} {GeV}) {cm}^{-2} {sec}^{-1} {sr}^{-1}$. For a given monopole mass, this bound is four and a half orders of magnitude more stringent than the previous `extended Parker bound', but is more speculative as it depends on assumptions about the behavior of magnetic fields during protogalactic collapse. For monopoles which do not overclose the Universe ($\Omega_m <1$), the maximum flux allowed is now $8 \times 10^{-19}$ cm^{-2} s^{-1} sr^{-1}, a factor of 150 lower than the maximum flux allowed by the extended Parker bound.

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representative citing papers

Waterfall phase in supersymmetric hybrid inflation

hep-ph · 2025-07-14 · conditional · novelty 4.0

Waterfall-phase e-foldings in R-symmetric SUSY hybrid inflation can produce a PTA-compatible scalar-induced gravitational wave background and, in SU(5), dilute monopoles to observable levels.

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  • Waterfall phase in supersymmetric hybrid inflation hep-ph · 2025-07-14 · conditional · none · ref 86 · internal anchor

    Waterfall-phase e-foldings in R-symmetric SUSY hybrid inflation can produce a PTA-compatible scalar-induced gravitational wave background and, in SU(5), dilute monopoles to observable levels.