A review argues that Jefferson Lab electroproduction data on nucleon resonances, analyzed with continuum Schwinger methods, confirm a momentum-dependent dressed quark mass, the essence of emergent hadron mass.
Form Factors and Two-Photon Exchange in High-Energy Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering
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abstract
We present new precision measurements of the elastic electron-proton scattering cross section for momentum transfer (Q$^2$) up to 15.75~\gevsq. Combined with existing data, these provide an improved extraction of the proton magnetic form factor at high Q$^2$ and double the range over which a longitudinal/transverse separation of the cross section can be performed. The difference between our results and polarization data agrees with that observed at lower Q$^2$ and attributed to hard two-photon exchange (TPE) effects, extending to 8~(GeV/c)$^2$ the range of Q$^2$ for which a discrepancy is established at $>$95\% confidence. We use the discrepancy to quantify the size of TPE contributions needed to explain the cross section at high Q$^2$.
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Electroexcitation of Nucleon Resonances and the Emergence of Hadron Mass
A review argues that Jefferson Lab electroproduction data on nucleon resonances, analyzed with continuum Schwinger methods, confirm a momentum-dependent dressed quark mass, the essence of emergent hadron mass.