An empirical model splits projectile ions into four atomic-number groups, fits a logistic curve to measured mean charge states per group, and uses a Gaussian with an earlier width formula to produce charge state distributions.
Furthermore, we know that ISGM is good for light ion regime Z1 ≤ 16
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Precise charge state distribution of projectile ions through solid targets
An empirical model splits projectile ions into four atomic-number groups, fits a logistic curve to measured mean charge states per group, and uses a Gaussian with an earlier width formula to produce charge state distributions.