Magnetic surfaces in fusion devices are not always tori: a period-doubling bifurcation at half-integer rotational transform creates separatrix surfaces with the topology of an immersed (lemniscate) Klein bottle, demonstrated in a tokamak model and a QUASR stellarator configuration.
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Surfaces with Klein bottle topology occur in fusion reactor fields
Magnetic surfaces in fusion devices are not always tori: a period-doubling bifurcation at half-integer rotational transform creates separatrix surfaces with the topology of an immersed (lemniscate) Klein bottle, demonstrated in a tokamak model and a QUASR stellarator configuration.