Electroweak SU(2)_L doublet fermion dark matter with mass above 10^10 GeV (or 300 GeV if pseudo-Dirac) is produced by Boltzmann-suppressed freeze-in above the reheat temperature and evades direct detection while never thermalizing.
Minimal Freeze-in Dark Matter: Reviving electroweak doublet dark matter with Boltzmann suppressed freeze-in
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abstract
Dark matter communicating with the Standard Model solely via electroweak interactions provides a compelling picture. However, thermal freeze-out of electroweak doublet dark matter is generically strongly excluded by direct detection. We show that SU(2)${}_L$ doublet fermion dark matter evades direct detection if its mass exceeds $10^{10}$ GeV. If the neutral Dirac fermion is split into a pseudo-Dirac pair (via high dimension operator) this limit can be relaxed to 300 GeV. Provided the dark matter mass is above the reheat temperature of the Universe, the production rate never exceeds the Hubble rate in cases of interest, thus the dark matter never thermalizes. We apply constraints from direct detection (e.g. LZ) and consider the discovery potential of Darwin. This scenario presents the most minimal model of freeze-in dark matter, and is both elegant and highly predictive.
fields
hep-ph 2years
2026 2verdicts
UNVERDICTED 2representative citing papers
Warm Higgs portal dark matter from stronger-coupling freeze-in is viable above 50-100 keV with a non-thermal momentum distribution not captured by the standard alpha-beta-gamma parametrization.
citing papers explorer
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Minimal Freeze-in Dark Matter: Reviving electroweak doublet dark matter with Boltzmann suppressed freeze-in
Electroweak SU(2)_L doublet fermion dark matter with mass above 10^10 GeV (or 300 GeV if pseudo-Dirac) is produced by Boltzmann-suppressed freeze-in above the reheat temperature and evades direct detection while never thermalizing.
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Warm dark matter from freeze-in at stronger coupling
Warm Higgs portal dark matter from stronger-coupling freeze-in is viable above 50-100 keV with a non-thermal momentum distribution not captured by the standard alpha-beta-gamma parametrization.