Measurements in cold 87Rb show the sigma-plus sigma-minus CPT dark-state pumping rate is an order of magnitude slower than the three-level formula, and a parameter-free 13-level Zeeman model matches the experiment to within 30%.
In many cases the performance of these measurements is limited by the optical pumping rate and the decay rate of the dark-state superpositions created in the atoms
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Optical pumping, decay rates and light shifts of cold-atom dark states
Measurements in cold 87Rb show the sigma-plus sigma-minus CPT dark-state pumping rate is an order of magnitude slower than the three-level formula, and a parameter-free 13-level Zeeman model matches the experiment to within 30%.