A theorem establishes that the one-particle extension of any Koide-ratio mass set reaches a unique minimum Qmin = Q0/(1+Q0) at m* = [(sum mi)/(sum sqrt(mi))]^2, with the lepton-plus-charm case landing 6 ppm above the ideal 2/5 limit.
Extended Empirical Fermion Mass Relation
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abstract
It is known that the charged lepton masses obey to high precision an interesting empirical relation (Koide relation). In turn, the light neutrino masses cannot obey such a relation. We note that if neutrinos acquire their mass via the seesaw mechanism, the empirical mass relation could hold for the masses in the Dirac and/or heavy Majorana mass matrix. Examples for the phenomenological consequences are provided. We furthermore modify the mass relation for light neutrino masses including their Majorana phases, and show that it can be fulfilled in this case as well, with interesting predictions for neutrinoless double beta decay. Finally, we remark that while the relation does not hold for the up- and down-quarks, it may be valid for the u, d, s quarks, and for the c, b, t quarks.
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A minimization theorem for the Koide ratio and its Standard Model calibration
A theorem establishes that the one-particle extension of any Koide-ratio mass set reaches a unique minimum Qmin = Q0/(1+Q0) at m* = [(sum mi)/(sum sqrt(mi))]^2, with the lepton-plus-charm case landing 6 ppm above the ideal 2/5 limit.