Lattice QCD simulations with up to seven flavors indicate that the first-order chiral transition seen on coarse lattices is a cutoff artifact, so the continuum chiral transition is second-order for all flavors up to the conformal window.
Evidence for a conformal phase in SU(N) gauge theories
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We discuss the existence of a conformal phase in SU(N) gauge theories in four dimensions. In this lattice study we explore the model in the bare parameter space, varying the lattice coupling and bare mass. Simulations are carried out with three colors and twelve flavors of dynamical staggered fermions in the fundamental representation. The analysis of the chiral order parameter and the mass spectrum of the theory indicates the restoration of chiral symmetry at zero temperature and the presence of a Coulomb-like phase, depicting a scenario compatible with the existence of an infrared stable fixed point at nonzero coupling. Our analysis supports the conclusion that the onset of the conformal window for QCD-like theories is smaller than Nf=12, before the loss of asymptotic freedom at sixteen and a half flavors. We discuss open questions and future directions.
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The order of the chiral phase transition in massless many-flavour lattice QCD
Lattice QCD simulations with up to seven flavors indicate that the first-order chiral transition seen on coarse lattices is a cutoff artifact, so the continuum chiral transition is second-order for all flavors up to the conformal window.