Phenomenological extension of the PNJL model introduces a curvature-sensitive term proportional to (H/H0)^d that behaves as effective dark energy at late times and fits low-redshift data competitively with ΛCDM.
From confinement to dark energy
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abstract
The infrared divergence of the self-energy of a color charge is due to an enhancement of the long wavelength modes of the color Coulomb potential field. There are also long wavelength contributions to the QCD vacuum energy that are similarly enhanced. Vacuum modes of Hubble scale wavelengths may be affected in a cosmological setting and this can lead to a residual positive energy density of the form $H^d\Lambda_{\rm QCD}^{4-d}$. Lattice studies constrain $d$. If the dark energy takes this form then the universe is driven towards de Sitter expansion, and we briefly study this cosmology when $d$ is just slightly above unity.
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Late-Time Cosmic Acceleration from QCD Confinement Dynamics
Phenomenological extension of the PNJL model introduces a curvature-sensitive term proportional to (H/H0)^d that behaves as effective dark energy at late times and fits low-redshift data competitively with ΛCDM.