First lab experiments demonstrate that electron irradiation of carbonates at cryogenic temperatures produces and retains CO2 with the 4.25/4.27 μm spectral doublet observed on Europa.
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Lab spectra of CO2 retained in ice under Europa-like conditions do not match JWST observations, indicating endogenous CO2 is unlikely to be sourced directly from the ocean without additional processing.
citing papers explorer
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Formation and Trapping of CO2 from Cryogenic Irradiation of Carbonate
First lab experiments demonstrate that electron irradiation of carbonates at cryogenic temperatures produces and retains CO2 with the 4.25/4.27 μm spectral doublet observed on Europa.
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The Fate of Frozen Carbonated Water at Europa-like Conditions
Lab spectra of CO2 retained in ice under Europa-like conditions do not match JWST observations, indicating endogenous CO2 is unlikely to be sourced directly from the ocean without additional processing.