RIXS measurements and RPA calculations show the dominant low-energy plasmon in trilayer Bi2223 is a gapped, weakly qz-dependent out-of-phase mode (omega-), unlike the acoustic plasmons of single-layer cuprates.
This is because the RPA does not incorporate spectral broadening due to electron correlations, such as short- range antiferromagnetic correlations [ 27]
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Out-of-phase Plasmon Excitations in the Trilayer Cuprate Bi$_2$Sr$_2$Ca$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{10+\delta}$
RIXS measurements and RPA calculations show the dominant low-energy plasmon in trilayer Bi2223 is a gapped, weakly qz-dependent out-of-phase mode (omega-), unlike the acoustic plasmons of single-layer cuprates.