A rainbow-deformed McVittie spacetime with one energy history reduces exactly to standard McVittie dynamics, and a linear late-time rainbow closure fitted to 32 cosmic chronometers and 1580 Pantheon+ supernovae is consistent with the general-relativistic limit.
Thermodynamic phase transition of a black hole in rainbow gravity
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abstract
In this letter, using the rainbow functions that were proposed by Magueijo and Smolin, we investigate the thermodynamics and the phase transition of rainbow Schwarzschild black hole. First, we calculate the rainbow gravity corrected Hawking temperature. From this modification, we then derive the local temperature, free energy, and other thermodynamic quantities in an isothermal cavity. Finally, we analyze the critical behavior, thermodynamic stability, and phase transition of the rainbow Schwarzschild black hole. The results show that the rainbow gravity can stop the Hawking radiation in the final stages of black holes' evolution and lead to the remnants of black holes. Furthermore, one can observe that the rainbow Schwarzschild black hole has one first-order phase transition, two second-order phase transitions, and three Hawking-Page-type phase transitions in the framework of rainbow gravity theory.
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gr-qc 1years
2026 1verdicts
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Rainbow McVittie Horizons in an Expanding Universe
A rainbow-deformed McVittie spacetime with one energy history reduces exactly to standard McVittie dynamics, and a linear late-time rainbow closure fitted to 32 cosmic chronometers and 1580 Pantheon+ supernovae is consistent with the general-relativistic limit.