The paper claims a mathematical impossibility: every capable LLM must violate at least one of four idealized response properties, so hallucination is structurally inevitable.
A difficulty in the concept of social welfare.Journal of political economy, 58(4):328–346, 1950
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On the Fundamental Impossibility of Hallucination Control in Large Language Models
The paper claims a mathematical impossibility: every capable LLM must violate at least one of four idealized response properties, so hallucination is structurally inevitable.