body” or form factor. The morphology – shape, size, width, weight, height, materials, textures, “clothes,

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https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-021-01224-x 77 https://intersectionaldesign.com. Seaborn (2024) 19.3.1.1 Example: Embodying Diversity in Voice and Body Social robots have a physical “body” or form factor. The morphology – shape, size, width, weight, height, materials, textures, “clothes,” face, limbs, wheels, and so on – are taken in and processed by our minds in certain ways. Moreover, the voice of the robot can influence perceptions,78 even to the point of causing confusion and uncanny valley reactions when gender cues do not align.79 When humanlike cues exist, we tend to draw on human models to understand what we are perceiving and how to react to it – and mostly this is a rapid and unconscious process. Indeed, while we may make decisions about what a robot should look like, we may not always do so with all possibilities in mind. Similarly, people interacting with robots tend to interpret those robots in line with human models, including any limited, stereotyped, or otherwise negative associations they may have about people when it comes to the specific social characteristics those robots embody. For example, while we may take it for granted that a robot is gender neutral, our pa