Contagion flag #10 · 2026-07-08 21:54:43.401739+00:00
An Empirical Study to Understand How Students Use ChatGPT for Writing Essays
Retraction
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cites X., Wei, Z., & Wen, J.-R, which carries a retraction notice . One-hop deterministic flag: the citation edge exists in the Pith bibliography graph; no model judged whether the citation was load-bearing.
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01Evidence
Raw extraction · bibliography line · bibliography index 97
Jin Wang and Wenxiang Fan. 2025. The effect of ChatGPT on students’ learning performance, learning perception, and higher-order thinking: insights from a meta-analysis.Humanities and Social Sciences Communications12, 1 (May 2025), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-04787-y Publisher: Palgrave
02Event
- Type
- Retraction
- Source
- Retraction Watch
- Original DOI
- 10.1057/s41599-025-04787-y
- Notice DOI
- 10.1057/s41599-026-07310-z
- Date
- —
- Title
- The effect of ChatGPT on students’ learning performance, learning perception, and higher-order thinking: insights from a meta-analysis
- Reasons
- ['Concerns/Issues about Article', 'Investigation by Journal/Publisher', 'Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions']
- Work
- X., Wei, Z., & Wen, J.-R (2025)
03Dispute this flag
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