Bosonization study of quantum phase transitions in the one-dimensional asymmetric Hubbard model

The quantum phase transitions in the one-dimensional asymmetric Hubbard model are investigated with the bosonization approach. The conditions for the phase transition from density wave to phase separation, the correlation functions and their exponents are obtained analytically. Our results show that the difference between the hopping integrals for up- and down-spin electrons is crucial for the happening of the phase separation. When the difference is large enough, the phase separation will appear even if the on-site interaction is small.