Rediscovering the power of pairwise interactions

Two recent streams of work suggest that pairwise interactions may be sufficient to capture the complexity of biological systems ranging from protein structure to networks of neurons. In one approach, possible amino acid sequences in a family of proteins are generated by Monte Carlo annealing of a "Hamiltonian" that forces pairwise correlations among amino acid substitutions to be close to the observed correlations. In the other approach, the observed correlations among pairs of neurons are used to construct a maximum entropy model for the states of the network as a whole. We show that, in certain limits, these two approaches are mathematically equivalent, and we comment on open problems suggested by this framework