Bubble Gating Currents in Ionic Channels

Bubbles in ion channel proteins have been proposed to be the bistable gates that control current flow. Gating currents associated with channel gating would then be an electrical signature of bubble breaking and formation, arising from the change in dielectric coefficient as the bubble breaks or forms. A bubble would have a dielectric coefficient of 1. A filled bubble would have a dielectric coefficient (say) between 30 and 80. Transporters, pumps, and channels would be expected to have gating currents.