Coupled magnetic and ferroelectric domains in multiferroic Ni3V2O8

Electric control of multiferroic domains is demonstrated through polarized magnetic neutron diffraction. Cooling to the cycloidal multiferroic phase of Ni3V2O8 in an electric field (E) causes the incommensurate Bragg reflections to become neutron spin polarizing, the sense of neutron polarization reversing with E. Quantitative analysis indicates the E-treated sample has handedness that can be reversed by E. We further show close association between cycloidal and ferroelectric domains through E-driven spin and electric polarization hysteresis. We suggest that definite cycloidal handedness is achieved through magneto-elastically induced Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions.