Notes on cardinals that are characterizable by a complete (Scott) sentence

This is part I of a study on cardinals that are characterizable by Scott sentences. Building on [3], [6] and [1] we study which cardinals are characterizable by a Scott sentence $\phi$, in the sense that $\phi$ characterizes $\kappa$, if $\phi$ has a model of size $\kappa$, but no models of size $\kappa^+$. We show that the set of cardinals that are characterized by a Scott sentence is closed under successors, countable unions and countable products (cf. theorems 2.3, 3.4, and corollary 3.6). We also prove that if $\aleph_\alpha$ is characterized by a Scott sentence, at least one of $\aleph_alpha$ and $\aleph_alpha^+$ is homogeneously characterizable (cf. definition 1.3 and theorem 2.9). Based on Shelah's [8], we give counterexamples that characterizable cardinals are not closed under predecessors, or cofinalities.