Techniques of Proton Radiotherapy: Transport Theory

These are notes for the lecture on Transport Theory in a one-week intensive course, "Techniques of Proton Radiotherapy". Topics are: Phase space diagrams: model beam line-effect of a scatterer-effect of a drift-the beam ellipse-phase space diagrams for the model beam line-emittance change in a drift-emittance change in a scatterer-phase space for a more realistic beam line-summary Miscellaneous topics: review of Gaussians-the Gaussian approximation to multiple Coulomb scattering (MCS)-relativistic single particle kinematics-completing the square-scattering power Fermi-Eyges theory: history-the basic theory-the beam ellipse-drawing the ellipse given the moments-ellipse examples-transporting the beam ellipse through a slab-emittance change in a drift-emittance change in a scatterer-differential form of the transport equations-equivalent sources-beam contained in the beam ellipse-summary Beam spreading in matter: theory of Preston and Koehler-generalization to heavy ions-experimental tests (Preston and Koehler, Phillips, Wong et al.)-summary Analytical geometry of the ellipse (appendix): tilted ellipse-transformation to principal frame-summary and explicit procedures-area enclosed by the ellipse