A Diophantine problem with a prime and three squares of primes
classification
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keywords
lambdabiglbigrprimerealvarpidiophantineinequality
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We prove that if $\lambda_1$, $\lambda_2$, $\lambda_3$ and $\lambda_4$ are non-zero real numbers, not all of the same sign, $\lambda_1 / \lambda_2$ is irrational, and $\varpi$ is any real number then, for any $\eps > 0$ the inequality $ \bigl|\lambda_1 p_1 + \lambda_2 p_2^2 + \lambda_3 p_3^2 + \lambda_4 p_4^2 + \varpi \bigr| \le \bigl(\max_j p_j \bigr)^{-1 / 18 + \eps} $ has infinitely many solution in prime variables $p_1$, ..., $p_4$
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