Interlacing Families II: Mixed Characteristic Polynomials and the Kadison-Singer Problem

We use the method of interlacing families of polynomials introduced to prove two theorems known to imply a positive solution to the Kadison--Singer problem. The first is Weaver's conjecture $KS_{2}$ \cite{weaver}, which is known to imply Kadison--Singer via a projection paving conjecture of Akemann and Anderson. The second is a formulation due to Casazza, et al., of Anderson's original paving conjecture(s), for which we are able to compute explicit paving bounds. The proof involves an analysis of the largest roots of a family of polynomials that we call the "mixed characteristic polynomials" of a collection of matrices.