Electrostatic potential variations along flux surfaces in stellarators

First observations of electrostatic potential variations within the flux surfaces of a toroidal magnetic confinement device are presented. Measurements are taken in the TJ-II stellarator with two distant Langmuir probe arrays. The edge floating potentials display differences of several tens of Volts in electron-root wave-heated plasmas. The differences are reduced for higher densities and lower electron temperatures after the ion-root electric field forms at the plasma edge. Neoclassical Monte Carlo simulations estimate the correct order of magnitude for the overall variation in potential and predict the trend observed with the radial electric field. However, for the specific location of the probes, the simulations give differences smaller than those observed experimentally.