Length control of an optical resonator using second-order transverse modes

We present the analysis of an unorthodox technique for locking a laser to a resonant optical cavity. Error signals are derived from the interference between the fundamental cavity mode and higher-order spatial modes of order two excited by mode mismatch. This scheme is simple, inexpensive and, in contrast to similar techniques, first-order-insensitive to beam jitter. After mitigating sources of technical noise, performance is fundamentally limited by quantum shot-noise.