Single Crystal Diamond Refractive Lens for Focusing of X-rays in Two Dimensions

We report the fabrication and performance evaluation of single crystal diamond refractive x-ray lenses with a paraboloid of rotation form factor for focusing x-rays in two dimensions simultaneously. The lenses were manufactured using a femtosecond laser micromachining process and tested using x-ray synchrotron radiation. Such lenses were stacked together to form a standard compound refractive lens (CRL). Due to the superior physical properties of the material, diamond CRLs are enabling and indispensable wavefront-preserving primary focusing optics for x-ray free-electron lasers and the next-generation synchrotron storage rings. They can be used for highly efficient refocusing of the extremely bright x-ray sources for secondary optical schemes with limited aperture such as nanofocusing Fresnel zone plates and multilayer Laue lenses.