Incidences between points on a variety and planes in R³

In this paper we establish an improved bound for the number of incidences between a set $P$ of $m$ points and a set $H$ of $n$ planes in $\mathbb R^3$, provided that the points lie on a two-dimensional nonlinear irreducible algebraic variety $V$ of constant degree. Specifically, the bound is $$ O\left( m^{2/3}n^{2/3} + m^{6/11}n^{9/11}\log^\beta(m^3/n) + m + n + \sum_\ell |P_\ell|\cdot |H_\ell| \right) , $$ where the constant of proportionality and the constant exponent $\beta$ depend on the degree of $V$, and where the sum ranges over all lines $\ell$ that are fully contained in $V$ and contain at least one point of $P$, so that, for each such $\ell$, $P_\ell = P\cap\ell$ and $H_\ell$ is the set of the planes of H that contain $\ell$. In addition, $\sum_\ell |P_\ell| = O(m)$ and $\sum_\ell |H_\ell| = O(n)$. This improves, for this special case, the earlier more general bound of Apfelbaum and Sharir (see also Brass and Knauer as well as Elekes and T\'oth). This is a generalization of the incidence bound for points and circles in the plane (cf. Aronov et al., Aronov and Sharir, Marcus and Tardos), and is based on a recent result of Sharir and Zahl on the number of cuts that turn a collection of algebraic curves into pseudo-segments. The case where $V$ is a quadric is simpler to analyze, does not require the result of Sharir and Zahl, and yields the same bound as above, with $\beta=2/11$. We present an interesting application of our results to a problem, studied by Rudnev, on obtaining a lower bound on the number of distinct cross-ratios determined by $n$ real points, where our bound leads to a slight improvement in Rudnev's bound.