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arxiv: 1703.02705 · v1 · pith:BDDXTJWPnew · submitted 2017-03-08 · 🧮 math.NT

The Catalan numbers have no forbidden residue modulo primes

classification 🧮 math.NT
keywords catalanmoduloresiduesadditionattainedautomatabinomialcentral
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Let $C_n$ be the $n$th Catalan number. For any prime $p \geq 5$ we show that the set $\{C_n : n \in \mathbb{N} \}$ contains all residues mod $p$. In addition all residues are attained infinitely often. Any positive integer can be expressed as the product of central binomial coefficients modulo $p$. The directed sub-graph of the automata for $C_n \mod p$ consisting of the constant states and transitions between them has a cycle which visits all vertices.

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