Orbital angular momentum of a π-pulse emission by dense relativistic cold electron beam

Using a quantum fluid model, a set of three paraxial coupled equations to describe the FEL instability is derived. These equations are solved numerically considering Laguerre-Gaussian modes as the initial conditions to study the transfer of orbital angular momentum (OAM) between them, which satisfies the total angular momentum conservation as matching condition. The amplification and compression of the output radiation is observed and using the separation of variables method, the set of coupled equations, which describes a $\pi$-pulse solution, is obtained in such a way that a transverse overlapping factor, R, governs the energy exchange efficiency of the process.