Temperature Structure in the Perseus Cluster Core Observed with Hitomi

Hitomi Collaboration: Felix Aharonian , Hiroki Akamatsu , Fumie Akimoto , Steven W. Allen , Lorella Angelini , Marc Audard , Hisamitsu Awaki , Magnus Axelsson

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Aya Bamba Marshall W. Bautz Roger Blandford Laura W. Brenneman Gregory V. Brown Esra Bulbul Edward M. Cackett Maria Chernyakova Meng P. Chiao Paolo S. Coppi Elisa Costantini Jelle de Plaa Cor P. de Vries Jan-Willem den Herder Chris Done Tadayasu Dotani Ken Ebisawa Megan E. Eckart Teruaki Enoto Yuichiro Ezoe Andrew C. Fabian Carlo Ferrigno Adam R. Foster Ryuichi Fujimoto Yasushi Fukazawa Maki Furukawa Akihiro Furuzawa Massimiliano Galeazzi Luigi C. Gallo Poshak Gandhi Margherita Giustini Andrea Goldwurm Liyi Gu Matteo Guainazzi Yoshito Haba Kouichi Hagino Kenji Hamaguchi Ilana M. Harrus Isamu Hatsukade Katsuhiro Hayashi Takayuki Hayashi Kiyoshi Hayashida Junko S. Hiraga Ann Hornschemeier Akio Hoshino John P. Hughes Yuto Ichinohe Ryo Iizuka Hajime Inoue Yoshiyuki Inoue Manabu Ishida Kumi Ishikawa Yoshitaka Ishisaki Masachika Iwai Jelle Kaastra Tim Kallman Tsuneyoshi Kamae Jun Kataoka Yuichi Kato Satoru Katsuda Nobuyuki Kawai Richard L. Kelley Caroline A. Kilbourne Takao Kitaguchi Shunji Kitamoto Tetsu Kitayama Takayoshi Kohmura Motohide Kokubun Katsuji Koyama Shu Koyama Peter Kretschmar Hans A. Krimm Aya Kubota Hideyo Kunieda Philippe Laurent Shiu-Hang Lee Maurice A. Leutenegger Olivier Limousin Michael Loewenstein Knox S. Long David Lumb Greg Madejski Yoshitomo Maeda Daniel Maier Kazuo Makishima Maxim Markevitch Hironori Matsumoto Kyoko Matsushita Dan McCammon Brian R. McNamara Missagh Mehdipour Eric D. Miller Jon M. Miller Shin Mineshige Kazuhisa Mitsuda Ikuyuki Mitsuishi Takuya Miyazawa Tsunefumi Mizuno Hideyuki Mori Koji Mori Koji Mukai Hiroshi Murakami Richard F. Mushotzky Takao Nakagawa Hiroshi Nakajima Takeshi Nakamori Shinya Nakashima Kazuhiro Nakazawa Kumiko K. Nobukawa Masayoshi Nobukawa Hirofumi Noda Hirokazu Odaka Takaya Ohashi Masanori Ohno Takashi Okajima Naomi Ota Masanobu Ozaki Frits Paerels St\'ephane Paltani Robert Petre Ciro Pinto Frederick S. Porter Katja Pottschmidt Christopher S. Reynolds Samar Safi-Harb Shinya Saito Kazuhiro Sakai Toru Sasaki Goro Sato Kosuke Sato Rie Sato Makoto Sawada Norbert Schartel Peter J. Serlemtsos Hiromi Seta Megumi Shidatsu Aurora Simionescu Randall K. Smith Yang Soong {\L}ukasz Stawarz Yasuharu Sugawara Satoshi Sugita Andrew Szymkowiak Hiroyasu Tajima Hiromitsu Takahashi Tadayuki Takahashi Shin\'ichiro Takeda Yoh Takei Toru Tamagawa Takayuki Tamura Takaaki Tanaka Yasuo Tanaka Yasuyuki T. Tanaka Makoto S. Tashiro Yuzuru Tawara Yukikatsu Terada Yuichi Terashima Francesco Tombesi Hiroshi Tomida Yohko Tsuboi Masahiro Tsujimoto Hiroshi Tsunemi Takeshi Go Tsuru Hiroyuki Uchida Hideki Uchiyama Yasunobu Uchiyama Shutaro Ueda Yoshihiro Ueda Shin\'ichiro Uno C. Megan Urry Eugenio Ursino Shin Watanabe Norbert Werner Dan R. Wilkins Brian J. Williams Shinya Yamada Hiroya Yamaguchi Kazutaka Yamaoka Noriko Y. Yamasaki Makoto Yamauchi Shigeo Yamauchi Tahir Yaqoob Yoichi Yatsu Daisuke Yonetoku Irina Zhuravleva Abderahmen Zoghbi

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classification 🌌 astro-ph.HE

keywords temperatureclusterionizationcorehitomilineobservedperseus

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The present paper investigates the temperature structure of the X-ray emitting plasma in the core of the Perseus cluster using the 1.8--20.0 keV data obtained with the Soft X-ray Spectrometer (SXS) onboard the Hitomi Observatory. A series of four observations were carried out, with a total effective exposure time of 338 ks and covering a central region $\sim7'$ in diameter. The SXS was operated with an energy resolution of $\sim$5 eV (full width at half maximum) at 5.9 keV. Not only fine structures of K-shell lines in He-like ions but also transitions from higher principal quantum numbers are clearly resolved from Si through Fe. This enables us to perform temperature diagnostics using the line ratios of Si, S, Ar, Ca, and Fe, and to provide the first direct measurement of the excitation temperature and ionization temperature in the Perseus cluster. The observed spectrum is roughly reproduced by a single temperature thermal plasma model in collisional ionization equilibrium, but detailed line ratio diagnostics reveal slight deviations from this approximation. In particular, the data exhibit an apparent trend of increasing ionization temperature with increasing atomic mass, as well as small differences between the ionization and excitation temperatures for Fe, the only element for which both temperatures can be measured. The best-fit two-temperature models suggest a combination of 3 and 5 keV gas, which is consistent with the idea that the observed small deviations from a single temperature approximation are due to the effects of projection of the known radial temperature gradient in the cluster core along the line of sight. Comparison with the Chandra/ACIS and the XMM-Newton/RGS results on the other hand suggests that additional lower-temperature components are present in the ICM but not detectable by Hitomi SXS given its 1.8--20 keV energy band.

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Temperature Structure in the Perseus Cluster Core Observed with Hitomi

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